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8 - Seclusion – past, present and future
- from Part I - Therapeutic interventions
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- By Roland Dix, Consultant Nurse in Psychiatric Intensive Care and Secure Rehabilitation, Visiting Research Fellow in the University of the West of England Executive Committee Member, NAPICU, Editor in Chief, Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care, Wotton Lawn, Horton Road, Gloucester, UK, Christian Betteridge, Greyfriars Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit, Severn NHS Trust, Wotton Lawn, Gloucester, UK, Mathew J. Page, Greyfriars Psychiatric Intensive, Care Unit, Severn NHS Trust, Wotton Lawn, Gloucester, UK
- M. Dominic Beer, Stephen M. Pereira, Carol Paton
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- Book:
- Psychiatric Intensive Care
- Published online:
- 22 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 27 March 2008, pp 106-122
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- Chapter
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Summary
Introduction
Whether seclusion has a place within the treatment of the mentally disordered is one of the longest running debates in the history of mental health care and it is likely to continue. Controversial deaths in mental health facilities and their subsequent inquiries will further fuel speculation as how best to manage challenging behaviour. The Independent Inquiry into the Death of David Bennett (Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire Strategic Health Authority 2003) questioned whether the use of seclusion may have been preferable to prolonged restraint.
The use of seclusion is at least 2000 years old and many of the related questions have remained consistent, surviving to the modern day. It is not the intention of this chapter to re-describe the moral, ethical and legal paradigms that have punctuated much of seclusion's history. The focus here will be to provide an overview of the history of seclusion, its value or otherwise, its alternatives and the necessary supporting policies for its use. Finally, we will offer a practical framework within which seclusion may be considered in the context of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) and Low Secure Units (LSUs).
For the purpose of this chapter seclusion is defined as ‘the forcible confinement of a patient alone in a room for the protection of others from serious harm’ (Mental Health Act 1983: Code of Practice; Department of Health 1999).
Seclusion is widely used throughout the world (Mason 1994).